Phytol- und Phytyl-Fettsäureester: Vorkommen, Konzentrationen und Relevanz für die Gesundheit  [21.05.18]

Im Gegensatz zu Chlorophyll stellen Phytyl-Fettsäureester (PFAE) eine potentielle Quelle für bioverfügbares Trans-Phytol dar. Freies Trans-Phytol dient als Vorstufe für Phytansäure, welche von Patienten mit Refsum-Syndrom nicht metabolisiert werden kann. Essbare Pflanzen(teile) mit erhöhter PFAE-Konzentration sind daher ein Risiko für diese Patienten. Der aktuelle Übersichtsartikel von Stephanie Krauß und Walter Vetter gibt einen Überblick zu Auftreten und Konzentration von PFAE in Nahrungsmitteln und beschreibt verschiedene analytische Methoden zur PFAE-Bestimmung.

Abb: Free trans‐phytol is known as a precursor for phytanic acid which cannot be metabolized by patients with Refum's disease (Krauß & Vetter 2018)

Originalpublikation

Stephanie Krauß & Walter Vetter (2018) Phytol and Phytyl Fatty Acid Esters: Occurrence, Concentrations, and Relevance. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology: May 2018, online version before inclusion in an issue, first published: 16 April 2018. doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201700387

Abstract

Phytyl fatty acid esters (PFAE) are long chain isoprenoid esters consisting of phytol esterified to fatty acids. Phytol, which is mainly known as side chain of the plant pigment chlorophyll, is released during chlorophyll breakdown. PFAE mainly function as storage forms for free phytol to protect plant cells as phytol shows membrane toxic properties. Surprisingly, only scattered data on PFAE can be found in the literature. For instance, PFAE are known to occur in mosses, selected leaves of higher plants, and also in some fruits and vegetables. As PFAE seem to be fissile in the human body, their phytol moiety is bioavailable and can be converted into phytanic acid. Patients with Refsum's disease cannot metabolize phytanic acid and accumulate it in blood and organs with severe consequences. For treatment, patients must keep a special diet avoiding foods with high amounts of phytanic acid or free phytol with the tolerable daily intake being ≤10 mg. In addition, PFAE in fruits and vegetables directly add to the intake of phytol or rather phytanic acid. Therefore, their contents must be taken into account regarding dietary recommendations. This review summarizes the literature data on occurrence, concentrations, and analytical methods for the determination of PFAE.

Practical application: The data provided give an overview of matrices containing PFAE which also include edible plant parts. This information can help improving the life quality of patients suffering from Refsum's disease. Additionally, a summary of different analytical methods for the determination of PFAE is presented which will hopefully encourage further research on this class of esters.

Mehr Information zum Refsum Syndrom (Quelle: OrphanNet):


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